Anatomy Practice Exam 2025 - Free Anatomy Practice Questions and Study Guide

The major function of the adrenal glands is to produce hormones related to the body's stress response. These glands, located atop each kidney, play a crucial role in regulating the body's reaction to stress through the release of hormones such as cortisol, adrenaline (epinephrine), and norepinephrine.

Cortisol, often referred to as the "stress hormone," helps manage how your body uses carbohydrates, fats, and proteins, while also playing a vital role in controlling blood sugar levels, reducing inflammation, and assisting in memory formulation. Adrenaline and norepinephrine are involved in the immediate "fight or flight" responses, increasing heart rate, blood pressure, and energy supply to prepare the body to respond to perceived threats.

In addition, while the adrenal glands do influence metabolism and other functions, their primary and most recognized function is in mediating stress responses through hormonal control. This distinguishes them from other systems responsible for metabolism regulation, waste filtration, and fat storage, which are managed by organs like the liver, kidneys, and adipose tissue, respectively.