Anatomy Practice Exam 2026 - Free Anatomy Practice Questions and Study Guide

The role of neurotransmitters in the nervous system is primarily to convey messages between neurons. Neurotransmitters are chemical substances that are released from the axon terminals of one neuron and travel across the synaptic gap to bind to receptors on the next neuron. This process is vital for communication within the nervous system, as it allows for the transmission of signals that influence various bodily functions, behaviors, and responses.

When a nerve impulse reaches the end of a neuron, neurotransmitters are released into the synapse, where they diffuse across the gap and can either excite or inhibit the activity of the receiving neuron, depending on the type of neurotransmitter and its specific receptors. This complex signaling system forms the foundation of neural communication and is essential for everything from reflex actions to complex cognitive functions.

The other functions mentioned, such as stimulating muscle contraction and carrying sensory information to the brain, are influenced by neurochemical signaling but are not the primary roles of neurotransmitters themselves. Protecting neurons from damage pertains more to supportive cells in the nervous system, rather than to the neurotransmitters and their specific function.