Anatomy Practice Exam 2025 - Free Anatomy Practice Questions and Study Guide

The axon is the part of the neuron specifically designed to transmit signals away from the cell body. Its primary function is to carry nerve impulses, known as action potentials, to other neurons, muscles, or glands. The structure of the axon allows for efficient signal conduction, with a long, thin shape that minimizes resistance and supports rapid transmission.

Additionally, the axon may be insulated by a myelin sheath, which facilitates faster signal propagation through a process called saltatory conduction. This is crucial for maintaining the speed and efficiency of communication within the nervous system.

In contrast, dendrites receive incoming signals and transmit them toward the cell body, while the soma (cell body) integrates these signals. The synapse refers to the junction between neurons where communication occurs but is not involved in the transmission of signals away from the cell body. Thus, the axon plays the vital role of directing the flow of information away from the neuron’s central structure.