Anatomy Practice Exam

What is the primary function of the cochlea in the inner ear?

1. To balance the body

2. To convert sound waves into nerve impulses

3. To transmit nerve signals to the brain

4. To amplify sound vibrations

The correct answer is: To convert sound waves into nerve impulses

The cochlea's primary function is indeed to convert sound waves into nerve impulses. It is a spiral-shaped, fluid-filled structure within the inner ear that plays a crucial role in the auditory system. Sound waves enter the cochlea through the oval window, leading to the displacement of the fluid within it. This movement stimulates hair cells located in the organ of Corti, which is situated along the basilar membrane inside the cochlea. Once these hair cells are excited, they generate electrical impulses that travel along the auditory nerve to the brain. This complex process allows the brain to perceive sound. While functions like balance and amplification of sound vibrations are critical in hearing and equilibrium, they are carried out by different structures in the ear, such as the vestibular system and the ossicles, respectively. Thus, the cochlea's role as a converter of sound waves is essential for sound perception.