Anatomy Practice Exam

Which cells are responsible for breaking down bone and releasing minerals into the bloodstream?

1. Osteocytes

2. Chondrocytes

3. Osteoblasts

4. Osteoclasts

The correct answer is: Osteoclasts

The cells responsible for breaking down bone and releasing minerals into the bloodstream are osteoclasts. These specialized cells play a crucial role in bone remodeling, a process essential for maintaining the balance of bone formation and resorption. Osteoclasts secrete enzymes and acids that dissolve bone tissue, allowing for the release of minerals such as calcium and phosphorus into the bloodstream. This activity is vital for several physiological functions, including the regulation of mineral homeostasis and the repair and adaptation of bone to varying stressors. In contrast, osteoblasts are involved in the formation of new bone by synthesizing the bone matrix, while osteocytes, which are mature bone cells derived from osteoblasts, monitor the bone’s environment and communicate metabolic activity. Chondrocytes, on the other hand, are found in cartilage and not directly involved in bone resorption. Thus, osteoclasts are specifically designated for the function of breaking down bone and facilitating mineral release.