Anatomy Practice Exam

Which part of the nervous system prepares the body for action during stress?

1. Centrals nervous system

2. Parasympathetic nervous system

3. Sympathetic nervous system

4. Somatic nervous system

The correct answer is: Sympathetic nervous system

The sympathetic nervous system is responsible for preparing the body for action during times of stress, often referred to as the "fight or flight" response. When faced with a stressor, this system activates a series of physiological changes that enhance the body's ability to respond quickly and effectively. These changes include an increased heart rate, heightened blood pressure, dilation of the airways to improve oxygen intake, and the mobilization of energy stores. This prepares various systems of the body to either confront the challenge or escape from it, thereby optimizing performance under stress. In contrast, the central nervous system, which includes the brain and spinal cord, serves as the control center that processes information but does not directly prepare the body for action during stress. The parasympathetic nervous system counteracts the effects of the sympathetic nervous system by promoting a "rest and digest" state, which occurs after the threat has passed, allowing the body to relax and restore energy. The somatic nervous system primarily controls voluntary movements of skeletal muscles and is not directly involved in the body's stress responses. Therefore, the sympathetic nervous system is specifically designed to equip the body with the necessary tools to deal with immediate stressors effectively.